Constructions
Constructions
Construction is the process of planning, designing, and building physical structures such as: Buildings (houses, apartments, office towers) Infrastructure (roads, bridges, dams, tunnels) Industrial facilities (factories, warehouses) Utilities (water supply systems, electrical grids).
Types of Construction
Residential Construction
- Includes homes, apartments, villas, and condominiums.
- Focuses on comfort, aesthetics, and functionality.
- Involves architects, civil engineers, electricians, plumbers, etc.
Commercial Construction
- Includes shopping malls, office buildings, hotels, hospitals, and schools.
- Usually larger and more complex than residential projects.
- Requires strict compliance with business and safety regulations.
Industrial Construction
- Includes factories, power plants, refineries, and warehouses.
- Requires advanced technical knowledge and equipment.
- Often involves heavy machinery and specialized materials.
Infrastructure / Civil Construction
- Includes roads, bridges, tunnels, airports, dams, railways, and water systems.
- Often government-funded and serves the public.
- Involves large-scale engineering, surveying, and heavy-duty construction.
Phases of a Construction Project
| Phase | Description |
|---|---|
| 1. Initiation & Planning | Define scope, feasibility studies, budgeting, timelines |
| 2. Design | Create blueprints, engineering drawings, and obtain necessary permits |
| 3. Pre-Construction | Select contractors, prepare the site, mobilize equipment |
| 4. Construction | Actual building work begins: excavation, foundations, structure, finishing |
| 5. Inspection & Testing | Ensure work complies with safety, quality, and code standards |
| 6. Handover & Operation | Completed project is handed over to the owner |
| 7. Maintenance | Long-term care, repair, or renovation of the structure |